Sustainability and Operational Efficiency in Libya's Logistics Sector: Evaluating Clean Energy Transition and Smart Port Development in Libya Through Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Global Benchmarking

الملخص

The global logistics sector is undergoing rapid transformation driven by decarbonization, digitalization, and circular economy integration. This study evaluates sustainability and operational efficiency in Libya’s logistics sector using a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) framework benchmarked against major international logistics hubs, including Singapore, the Port of Rotterdam, Dubai, and Hong Kong. The proposed framework incorporates five evaluation criteria: operational efficiency, sustainability performance, digitalization, cost efficiency, and circular economy integration. Criteria weights were determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on expert evaluations from logistics and maritime specialists, supported by international logistics and port-performance datasets. Digitalization indicators included smart-port technologies, automated logistics systems, and integrated digital tracking platforms, while circular economy indicators considered resource efficiency, waste reduction, and sustainable port operations. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the robustness of the weighting structure.

The findings reveal a substantial performance gap between Libya and leading global logistics hubs, particularly in digital infrastructure, renewable energy adoption, and smart-port implementation. Scenario analysis demonstrates that investments in renewable energy systems, smart-port technologies, and integrated digital logistics platforms could significantly improve Libya’s logistics competitiveness and environmental sustainability. The study provides a practical strategic framework for policymakers and infrastructure planners seeking to develop resilient and sustainable Mediterranean logistics systems.